Intent Types and Execution

An intent is a desired action on your account in the Verifier smart contract, performed by submitting a transaction to the NEAR blockchain. The Verifier allows submitting a list of actions using the function execute_intents. This page covers how intents are structured, wrapped into signed payloads, and the available intent types you can submit.

For cryptographic signing details, see Signing Intents.
To test intents before submitting, see Simulating Intents.

Ordering and atomicity

Multiple intents can be submitted to execute_intents in a list, where they execute in the order provided.

Important: Because NEAR is an asynchronous and sharded blockchain, intents submitted in sequence do not guarantee they will complete in that sequence. While individual intents execute in order, there is no guarantee that cross-contract calls originating from the Verifier will finish in order.

Example of potential ordering issues:

Intent 1: Perform a storage deposit on usdc.near
Intent 2: Withdraw native NEAR to usdc.near

The usdc.near contract requires a storage deposit before tokens can be deposited. While Intent 1 executes first, there’s no guarantee the storage deposit call will complete before Intent 2’s withdrawal call is made.

Intent structure

Intents are submitted as JSON objects in a payload. Here’s an example Transfer intent for wNEAR tokens from Alice to Bob:

{
  "intent": "transfer",
  "receiver_id": "bob.near",
  "tokens": {
    "nep141:wrap.near": "10"
  }
}

The intent does not mention Alice because the signer of the intent defines which account performs the transfer.

Payload structure

The intent is wrapped in a payload with these required fields:

Field	Description
`signer_id`	Signer account ID.
`verifying_contract`	Contract address receiving the intents.
`deadline`	Timestamp in ISO 8601 format.
`nonce`	256-bit unique value (see below).
`intents`	Array of intents to execute.

{
  "signer_id": "alice.near",
  "verifying_contract": "intents.near",
  "deadline": "2025-05-21T12:23:04.252814Z",
  "nonce": "Vij2xgAlKBKzAMcLzEqKQRhRHXp3ThAEFTYtBmfhzvE=",
  "intents": [
    {
      "intent": "transfer",
      "receiver_id": "bob.near",
      "tokens": {
        "nep141:wrap.near": "10"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Nonce structure

The nonce is a 256-bit (32-byte) value encoded as base64. It must be unique per intent to prevent replay attacks. Structure: [4-byte salt][28-byte unique data]

Salt (first 4 bytes): Must match the current contract salt (retrieve via simulate_intents)
Unique data (remaining 28 bytes): Can be random or sequential, as long as it’s never reused for the same account

The salt rotates periodically. Always fetch the current salt before constructing intents. See the nonce documentation for implementation details.

You can fetch the current salt in two ways:

Via simulate_intents — the response includes the current salt alongside simulation results.
Directly via current_salt — a dedicated view method on the Verifier contract:

cURL

curl -s <NEAR_RPC_URL> \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "dontcare",
    "method": "query",
    "params": {
      "request_type": "call_function",
      "finality": "final",
      "account_id": "intents.near",
      "method_name": "current_salt",
      "args_base64": "e30="
    }
  }' | jq -r '.result.result | implode'

The response is a hex string representing the 4-byte salt prefix, for example "252812b3".

Signed intent format

To create a valid, signed intent for the execute_intents function, wrap the payload in a message string and sign it. See Signing Intents for supported signature types (NEP-413, ERC-191, WebAuthn, and more). Note that the message is the same JSON serialized as a one-liner with escaped quotes:

{
  "standard": "nep413",
  "payload": {
    "recipient": "intents.near",
    "nonce": "Vij2xgAlKBKzgNPJFViEQRiSQad02gXP6pv9IQRCFeg=",
    "message": "{\"deadline\":\"2025-05-21T10:34:04.254392Z\",\"intents\":[{\"intent\":\"transfer\",\"receiver_id\":\"bob.near\",\"tokens\":{\"nep141:usdc.near\":\"10\"}}],\"signer_id\":\"alice.near\"}"
  },
  "public_key": "ed25519:C3jXhkGhEx88Gj7XKtUziJKXEBMRaJ67bWFkxJikVxZ2",
  "signature": "ed25519:2o7Cg7N8bEAKtEDbC9Nja8Ks1bJ9Nunh5Ems51G8oV6n96ckUVFeT81vr3TouE47R24HJSrLyxdeBEbvWeuizVBZ"
}

The recipient field prevents replay attacks on other copies of the Verifier.

All signed examples on this page use the same test key (ed25519:C3jX...). In production, each signer uses their own key pair.

Available intent types

The following intents can be submitted to the Verifier contract.

Rust PascalCase names are converted to snake_case in JSON. For example, TokenDiff becomes token_diff.

add_public_key

Adds a public key to an account in the Verifier contract. The added key’s private key can sign intents on behalf of this account, including adding new keys.

Implicit account IDs have their corresponding public keys added by default. If a private key is leaked for an implicit account, you must manually rotate the public key in the Verifier.

Public keys can also be added via transactions.

Parameter	Description
`public_key`	The public key to add to the account (e.g., `ed25519:...`).

{
  "intent": "add_public_key",
  "public_key": "ed25519:5TagutioHgKLh7KZ1VEFBYfgRkPtqnKm9LoMnJMJugxm"
}

Full signed intent example

The message field contains the intent JSON above, serialized as a single line with escaped quotes.

[
  {
    "standard": "nep413",
    "payload": {
      "recipient": "intents.near",
      "nonce": "Vij2xgAlKBKzwKyKBC58QRjK3paApkNO6LU77m306Vw=",
      "message": "{\"deadline\":\"2025-05-21T08:04:27.483198Z\",\"intents\":[{\"intent\":\"add_public_key\",\"public_key\":\"ed25519:5TagutioHgKLh7KZ1VEFBYfgRkPtqnKm9LoMnJMJugxm\"}],\"signer_id\":\"alice.near\"}"
    },
    "public_key": "ed25519:C3jXhkGhEx88Gj7XKtUziJKXEBMRaJ67bWFkxJikVxZ2",
    "signature": "ed25519:M6gK8WMNBL9vnkuScshNuKF5Yro5gQNRLpTTbruadR54AQvi53xWw8NizyCRbdM3j6y9XZ7MJy4DtQ1JLDz4xGQ"
  }
]

remove_public_key

Removes a public key from an account. Can also be done via transactions.

Parameter	Description
`public_key`	The public key to remove from the account.

{
  "intent": "remove_public_key",
  "public_key": "ed25519:5TagutioHgKLh7KZ1VEFBYfgRkPtqnKm9LoMnJMJugxm"
}

Full signed intent example

The message field contains the intent JSON above, serialized as a single line with escaped quotes.

[
  {
    "standard": "nep413",
    "payload": {
      "recipient": "intents.near",
      "nonce": "Vij2xgAlKBKzAAxeFUp9QRi4FmMX9Jj6kmrjkUTtltk=",
      "message": "{\"deadline\":\"2025-05-21T08:24:47.536976Z\",\"intents\":[{\"intent\":\"remove_public_key\",\"public_key\":\"ed25519:5TagutioHgKLh7KZ1VEFBYfgRkPtqnKm9LoMnJMJugxm\"}],\"signer_id\":\"alice.near\"}"
    },
    "public_key": "ed25519:C3jXhkGhEx88Gj7XKtUziJKXEBMRaJ67bWFkxJikVxZ2",
    "signature": "ed25519:3E11skwith3ub3w22FnUdcqYzDFy698qBnP8FEPjZyZKbFtqUZK17AXGSLiwnHXppGrV8wbbGafX8fqXUvefoE8p"
  }
]

transfer

Transfers tokens from the signer to a specified account within the Verifier contract. Transfers can also be done via direct blockchain transactions.

Parameter	Description
`receiver_id`	The account to receive the tokens.
`tokens`	Map of token IDs to amounts in Multi Token format.
`memo`	Optional memo for the transfer.

{
  "intent": "transfer",
  "receiver_id": "bob.near",
  "tokens": {
    "nep141:usdc.near": "10"
  }
}

Full signed intent example

The message field contains the intent JSON above, serialized as a single line with escaped quotes.

[
  {
    "standard": "nep413",
    "payload": {
      "recipient": "intents.near",
      "nonce": "Vij2xgAlKBKzgNPJFViEQRhm1GXQz/Vt+TS0PazCsJQ=",
      "message": "{\"deadline\":\"2025-05-21T10:34:04.254392Z\",\"intents\":[{\"intent\":\"transfer\",\"receiver_id\":\"bob.near\",\"tokens\":{\"nep141:usdc.near\":\"10\"}}],\"signer_id\":\"alice.near\"}"
    },
    "public_key": "ed25519:C3jXhkGhEx88Gj7XKtUziJKXEBMRaJ67bWFkxJikVxZ2",
    "signature": "ed25519:4nY7kjYV11djwsZ9UmezX1eoVMnzTg2wN6jT67o5vyWnibQ7g34zti8wc9imafbAzH5v4rqmksiextQCas14uxm5"
  }
]

Withdrawal intents

These intents move tokens from the Verifier contract to an arbitrary address:

FtWithdraw - Fungible tokens
NftWithdraw - Non-fungible tokens
MtWithdraw - Multi tokens
NativeWithdraw - Native NEAR

See Withdrawals for details.

Parameter	Description
`token`	The token contract to withdraw (e.g., `usdc.near`). No prefix for this field.
`receiver_id`	The NEAR account that will receive the withdrawn tokens.
`amount`	The amount in the token’s smallest unit.
`memo`	Optional memo for the withdrawal.
`msg`	Optional message to pass to `ft_transfer_call`. If omitted, `ft_transfer` is used instead. See Withdrawals for refund behavior.
`storage_deposit`	Optional wNEAR amount to pay for storage deposit on the token contract for the receiver. Will not be refunded on failure.

Example: Withdraw from Alice’s account to Bob’s account. On success, the tokens will be in the usdc.near contract under Bob’s account—they have exited the Verifier:

{
  "intent": "ft_withdraw",
  "token": "usdc.near",
  "receiver_id": "bob.near",
  "amount": "1000"
}

Full signed intent example

The message field contains the intent JSON above, serialized as a single line with escaped quotes.

[
  {
    "standard": "nep413",
    "payload": {
      "recipient": "intents.near",
      "nonce": "Vij2xgAlKBKzgNPJFViEQRiRYtwetaXk8zFqV//Lq3c=",
      "message": "{\"deadline\":\"2025-05-21T10:45:30.098925Z\",\"intents\":[{\"intent\":\"ft_withdraw\",\"token\":\"usdc.near\",\"receiver_id\":\"bob.near\",\"amount\":\"1000\"}],\"signer_id\":\"alice.near\"}"
    },
    "public_key": "ed25519:C3jXhkGhEx88Gj7XKtUziJKXEBMRaJ67bWFkxJikVxZ2",
    "signature": "ed25519:XYNGWVRyGFGRVZAAn62k9r8qthzbj4a5Ct9eCjrSUW9hXpPRaBvqpLKXpaeBgsekfLFiTLdXMEitrbsZAmMmdmU"
  }
]

storage_deposit

Makes an NEP-145 storage_deposit call for an account_id on a contract_id. The amount is subtracted from the user’s NEP-141 wNEAR balance and will not be refunded.

Parameter	Description
`contract_id`	The contract to make the storage deposit on (e.g., `usdc.near`).
`account_id`	The account to deposit storage for.
`amount`	The wNEAR amount in yoctoNEAR. Subtracted from the signer’s wNEAR balance and will not be refunded.

Example: Pay for storage deposit in the usdc.near contract. The NEAR token specified will be taken from alice.near’s account and paid to bob.near in the usdc.near contract:

{
  "intent": "storage_deposit",
  "contract_id": "usdc.near",
  "account_id": "bob.near",
  "amount": "1250000000000000000000"
}

Full signed intent example

The message field contains the intent JSON above, serialized as a single line with escaped quotes.

[
  {
    "standard": "nep413",
    "payload": {
      "recipient": "intents.near",
      "nonce": "Vij2xgAlKBKzgNPJFViEQRhA/qs878LtXEL9iIjJC14=",
      "message": "{\"deadline\":\"2025-05-21T11:06:28.803408Z\",\"intents\":[{\"intent\":\"storage_deposit\",\"contract_id\":\"usdc.near\",\"account_id\":\"bob.near\",\"amount\":\"1250000000000000000000\"}],\"signer_id\":\"alice.near\"}"
    },
    "public_key": "ed25519:C3jXhkGhEx88Gj7XKtUziJKXEBMRaJ67bWFkxJikVxZ2",
    "signature": "ed25519:4rAYXBa9UY6Zw32dKcGrXgydParzzdygEwdAaaKRg9TxXSP9541rikLWhVCtJqFHJh4Rcvpp2YrbRQ4LBaay7Xa6"
  }
]

token_diff

The user declares willingness to have a set of changes applied to their tokens. For example, a trade of 100 token A for 200 token B can be represented as {"A": -100, "B": 200}. The Verifier resolves matching diffs into transfers between parties.

When token_diff intents are submitted together in a batch, the total diffs across all intents must sum to zero for each token. If the amounts don’t balance, the entire batch will fail. For example, if Alice gives 10 USDC, another intent in the batch must receive exactly 10 USDC.

Parameter	Description
`diff`	Map of token IDs to signed amount strings. Negative values indicate tokens given, positive values indicate tokens received.
`memo`	Optional memo for the trade.
`referral`	Optional account ID for referral tracking.

Example: Two users trading USDC for USDT. Alice declares she’ll give up 10 USDC to get 10 USDT; Bob declares the opposite. These intents can be matched through the Message Bus or any off-chain channel, then submitted together:

Alice's intent
Bob's intent

{
  "intent": "token_diff",
  "diff": {
    "nep141:usdc.near": "-10",
    "nep141:usdt.near": "10"
  }
}

{
  "intent": "token_diff",
  "diff": {
    "nep141:usdc.near": "10",
    "nep141:usdt.near": "-10"
  }
}

Full signed intent example

The message field contains the intent JSON above, serialized as a single line with escaped quotes.

[
  {
    "standard": "nep413",
    "payload": {
      "recipient": "intents.near",
      "nonce": "Vij2xgAlKBKzgMh0PGuHQRiOD4cMhPLCgZfb8bCmR7s=",
      "message": "{\"deadline\":\"2025-05-21T11:30:25.042157Z\",\"intents\":[{\"intent\":\"token_diff\",\"diff\":{\"nep141:usdc.near\":\"-10\",\"nep141:usdt.near\":\"10\"}}],\"signer_id\":\"alice.near\"}"
    },
    "public_key": "ed25519:C3jXhkGhEx88Gj7XKtUziJKXEBMRaJ67bWFkxJikVxZ2",
    "signature": "ed25519:2tKuCpxqtx6YUY6LRkQGeqmAizA8CKhkFtYdsHsAGRjwm4tFcPHHhBRGtuQAAbAkUkwJ6n2UptTP4Mpot1cTvf2u"
  },
  {
    "standard": "nep413",
    "payload": {
      "recipient": "intents.near",
      "nonce": "Vij2xgAlKBKzgMh0PGuHQRhE5M+mHoAocV57AzeIPuQ=",
      "message": "{\"deadline\":\"2025-05-21T11:30:25.054132Z\",\"intents\":[{\"intent\":\"token_diff\",\"diff\":{\"nep141:usdc.near\":\"10\",\"nep141:usdt.near\":\"-10\"}}],\"signer_id\":\"bob.near\"}"
    },
    "public_key": "ed25519:C3jXhkGhEx88Gj7XKtUziJKXEBMRaJ67bWFkxJikVxZ2",
    "signature": "ed25519:gTrJn3CaESvDJ765SDZ7JdkXupeGApjU6t66XpwrCXKM5K7b4VEeZXxL6NSL7i5zJ2Dn1aracg9xubktcPLwHEq"
  }
]

As described in the Introduction, there are many ways to bundle these intents together for submission—the Message Bus, third parties, or any off-chain communication channel.

Next steps

Signing Intents

Learn how to sign intents for different wallet types

Simulating Intents

Test intents before submitting them on-chain

Deposits & Withdrawals

Deposit and withdraw tokens from the Verifier

Events

Monitor intent execution via on-chain events

​Ordering and atomicity

​Intent structure

​Payload structure

​Nonce structure

​Signed intent format

​Available intent types

​add_public_key

​remove_public_key

​transfer

​Withdrawal intents

​storage_deposit

​token_diff

​Next steps

Signing Intents

Simulating Intents

Deposits & Withdrawals

Events

Ordering and atomicity

Intent structure

Payload structure

Nonce structure

Signed intent format

Available intent types

add_public_key

remove_public_key

transfer

Withdrawal intents

storage_deposit

token_diff

Next steps